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Chemically, benzoylecgonine is the benzoate ester of ecgonine. It is a primary metabolite of cocaine, [1] and is pharmacologically inactive. [2] It is the corresponding carboxylic acid of cocaine, its methyl ester. It is formed in the liver by the metabolism of cocaine by hydrolysis, catalysed by carboxylesterases, and subsequently excreted in ...
Normally, metabolism of cocaine produces two primarily biologically inactive metabolites—benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester. The hepatic enzyme carboxylesterase is an important part of cocaine's metabolism because it acts as a catalyst for the hydrolysis of cocaine in the liver, which produces these inactive metabolites.
In vitro binding studies indicate that benzoylecgonine is ~2,200x less potent than cocaine at the dopamine transporter, possibly due to zwitterion formation preventing strong DAT binding. In contrast to in vitro studies, the lack of activity observed in in vivo studies is likely the result of reduced blood–brain barrier penetration than ...
Stimulants and cocaine-related alkaloids: Cocaine, from coca plant (Erythroxylum coca) Ecgonine, a precursor and metabolite of cocaine; Benzoylecgonine, a metabolite of cocaine; Hydroxytropacocaine, from coca plant (Erythroxylum coca) Methylecgonine cinnamate, from coca plant (Erythroxylum coca)
In urine from heavy cocaine users, benzoylecgonine can be detected within four hours after intake and in concentrations greater than 150 ng/mL for up to eight days later. [108] Detection of cocaine metabolites in hair is possible in regular users until after the sections of hair grown during the period of cocaine use are cut or fall out. [109]
A drug test on the child came back positive for cocaine. Due to this positive test, the remaining six children were tested. Overall, four of the seven had cocaine or cocaine metabolites in their ...
"Since the drug is a synthetic, it is easier to produce — unlike heroin, which is dependent on a plant like opium." Carfentanil is 10,000 more times more potent than morphine and 100 times more ...
A woman has been charged with child endangerment after her baby tested positive for cocaine after being born in late February. Laura Viscogliosi, 33, of Myrtle Beach, was arrested March 1 and ...