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  2. Hallade method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallade_method

    The Hallade method, devised by Frenchman Emile Hallade, is a method used in track geometry for surveying, designing and setting out curves in railway track. [1] It involves measuring the offset of a string line from the outside of a curve at the central point of a chord. In reality, string is too thick to provide a clear reading and breaks ...

  3. Degree of curvature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_of_curvature

    Curvature is usually measured in radius of curvature.A small circle can be easily laid out by just using radius of curvature, but degree of curvature is more convenient for calculating and laying out the curve if the radius is as large as a kilometer or mile, as is needed for large scale works like roads and railroads.

  4. Track transition curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track_transition_curve

    The actual equation given in Rankine is that of a cubic curve, which is a polynomial curve of degree 3, at the time also known as a cubic parabola. In the UK, only from 1845, when legislation and land costs began to constrain the laying out of rail routes and tighter curves were necessary, were the principles beginning to be applied in practice.

  5. Road curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_curve

    Road curves are irregular bends in roads to bring a gradual change of direction. Similar curves are on railways and canals. Curves provided in the horizontal plane are known as horizontal curves and are generally circular or parabolic. Curves provided in the vertical plane are known as vertical curve.

  6. Cross slope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_slope

    In horizontal curves, the cross slope is banked into superelevation to reduce steering effort and lateral force required to go around the curve. [1] All water drains to the inside of the curve. [ 2 ] If the cross slope magnitude oscillates within 1–25 metres (3–82 ft), the body and payload of high (heavy) vehicles will experience high roll ...

  7. Rankine's method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankine's_method

    Rankine's method or tangential angle method is an angular technique for laying out circular curves by a combination of chaining and angles at circumference, fully exploiting the theodolite and making a substantial improvement in accuracy and productivity over existing methods. This method requires access to only one road/path of communication ...

  8. Mortgage and refinance rates for Nov. 21, 2024: Average rates ...

    www.aol.com/finance/mortgage-and-refinance-rates...

    Freddie Mac reports an average 6.78% for a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage, down 1 basis point from last week's average 6.79%, according to its weekly Prime Mortgage Market Survey of nationwide ...

  9. Slope field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope_field

    Solutions to a slope field are functions drawn as solid curves. A slope field shows the slope of a differential equation at certain vertical and horizontal intervals on the x-y plane, and can be used to determine the approximate tangent slope at a point on a curve, where the curve is some solution to the differential equation.