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The Twenty Questions Test measures the ability to categorize, formulate abstract, yes/no questions, and incorporate the examiner's feedback to formulate more efficient yes/no questions; The Word Context Test measures verbal modality, deductive reasoning, integration of multiple bits of information, hypothesis testing, and flexibility of thinking
Which card or cards must be turned over to test the idea that if a card shows an even number on one face, then its opposite face is blue? The Wason selection task (or four-card problem) is a logic puzzle devised by Peter Cathcart Wason in 1966. [1] [2] [3] It is one of the most famous tasks in the study of deductive reasoning. [4]
The ability of deductive reasoning is an important aspect of intelligence and many tests of intelligence include problems that call for deductive inferences. [1] Because of this relation to intelligence, deduction is highly relevant to psychology and the cognitive sciences. [ 5 ]
A mathematical proof is a deductive argument for a mathematical statement, showing that the stated assumptions logically guarantee the conclusion. The argument may use other previously established statements, such as theorems ; but every proof can, in principle, be constructed using only certain basic or original assumptions known as axioms ...
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Tasks measuring fluid reasoning require the ability to solve abstract reasoning problems. Examples of tasks that measure fluid intelligence include figure classifications, figural analyses, number and letter series, matrices, and paired associates. [7] Crystallized intelligence (g c) includes learned procedures and knowledge. It reflects the ...
In logic and proof theory, natural deduction is a kind of proof calculus in which logical reasoning is expressed by inference rules closely related to the "natural" way of reasoning. [1] This contrasts with Hilbert-style systems , which instead use axioms as much as possible to express the logical laws of deductive reasoning .
It is defined as a deductive system that generates theorems from axioms and inference rules, [3] [4] [5] especially if the only inference rule is modus ponens. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Every Hilbert system is an axiomatic system , which is used by many authors as a sole less specific term to declare their Hilbert systems, [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] without ...