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Caregivers themselves are subject to an increased incidence of depression, anxiety, and, in some cases, physical health issues. [4] [5] [6] According to UK-based research, almost two out of three caregivers of those with dementia feel lonely. Most of the caregivers in the study were family members or friends. [7] [8]
In community samples, cutoff scores for likely dementia have ranged from 3.3 and above to 3.6 and above, while in patient samples the cutoff scores have ranged from 3.4 and above to 4.0 and above. [3] To improve the detection of dementia, the IQCODE can be used in combination with the Mini-Mental State Examination.
Estimates of the age of family or informal caregivers who are women range from 59% to 75%. The average caregiver is age 46, female, married and worked outside the home earning an annual income of $35,000. Although men also provide assistance, female caregivers may spend as much as 50% more time providing care than male caregivers." [14]
In 1946, UNISA was given a new role as a distance education university, and today it offers certificate, diploma and degree courses [7] up to doctoral level. In January 2004, UNISA merged with Technikon Southern Africa (Technikon SA, a polytechnic) and incorporated the distance education component of Vista University (VUDEC).
Caregiver-patient interactions form dynamic relationships that vary based on multiple factors, including disease, comorbid conditions, dependence level, and personal relationship, among others. The term "caregiver" can refer to people who take care of someone with a chronic illness or a supporter who influences the self-care behaviors of ...
[267] [268] In the United States, the yearly cost of caring for a person with dementia ranges from $28,078-$56,022 per year for formal medical care and $36,667-$92,689 for informal care provided by a relative or friend (assuming market value replacement costs for the care provided by the informal caregiver) and $15,792-$71,813 in lost wages.
The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) is a brief neuropsychological assessment used to assess the severity of cognitive symptoms of dementia. It is one of the most widely used cognitive scales in clinical trials [ 1 ] and is considered to be the “gold standard” for assessing antidementia treatments.
The course of dementia is often described in four stages (pre-dementia, early, middle, and late) that show a pattern of progressive cognitive and functional impairment. More detailed descriptions can be arrived at by the use of numeric scales. These scales include: The GDS/FAST Staging System [34] Global Deterioration Scale (GDS or Reisberg ...