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Mushrooms grow well at relative humidity levels of around 95–100%, and substrate moisture levels of 50 to 75%. [1] Instead of seeds, mushrooms reproduce through spores. Spores can be contaminated with airborne microorganisms, which will interfere with mushroom growth and prevent a healthy crop.
Definition of Spawn: Spawn is a type of medium present in mushroom tissue that propagates the fungus such as Trichoderma which is the root system of mushrooms. [ 5 ] Mycelium, or actively growing mushroom culture, is placed on a substrate—usually sterilized grains such as rye or millet—and induced to grow into those grains.
A large Puffball can produce up to seven quintillion (7,000,000,000,000,000,000) spores; [21] enough to dust all the world's dry land with 43,750 spores per square foot (per 30 cm X 30 cm). Still another puffball, found in 1857 by J. Dilwyn Llewelin near the coast of Glamorganshire, Wales measured 43 inches (110 cm) long by 38 inches (97 cm ...
The species was first described scientifically by American mycologist Howard James Banker in 1913. [2] Italian Pier Andrea Saccardo placed the species in the genus Hydnum in 1925, [3] while Walter Henry Snell and Esther Amelia Dick placed it in Calodon in 1956; [4] Hydnum peckii (Banker) Sacc. and Calodon peckii Snell & E.A. Dick are synonyms of Hydnellum peckii.
The tubes offer shelter for developing spores and help to increase the area of the spore-producing surface. Pore size and shape vary a lot between species, but little within a species – some Hexagonia spp. have 5 mm wide pores whereas pores of Antrodiella spp. are invisible to naked eye with 15 pores per mm.
Spores are thick-walled with an apical pore, and elongated ellipsoid to equilateral in face view, and somewhat inequilateral in side view, typically measuring 12.0–12.6–13.1 by 6.8–7.1–7.4 μm. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are cylindrical, four-spored with sterigmata up to 5.5 μm long, and have dimensions of 27–37 by 9–11 μm.
Although these fungi only grow to be 2–4 cm (0.8–1.6 in) tall, they can shoot their sporangium, containing their spores, up to 2 m (6.6 ft) away. Due to an increase of pressure in the vesicle , the sporangium can accelerate 0–45 mph in the first millimeter of its flight, which corresponds to an acceleration of 20000 g .
The spore print is brown. [3] [nb 3] Spores typically measure 8.0–9.0 by 4.0–5.5 μm, and have an ellipsoid to oblong to ovoid shape, depending on the viewing angle. Basidia (spore-bearing cells) are narrowly club-shaped, four-spored, and have dimensions of 24–40 by 7–12 μm. The cheilochrysocystidia (found on the gill edge) are club ...