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2. Temperature–entropy diagram - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature–entropy_diagram

   Q H = W + Q C = heat exchanged with the hot reservoir. η = W / (Q C + Q H) = thermal efficiency of the cycle If the cycle moves in a clockwise sense, then it is a heat engine that outputs work; if the cycle moves in a counterclockwise sense, it is a heat pump that takes in work and moves heat Q H from the cold reservoir to the hot reservoir.

3. Thermal efficiency - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_efficiency

   For a heat engine, thermal efficiency is the ratio of the net work output to the heat input; in the case of a heat pump, thermal efficiency (known as the coefficient of performance or COP) is the ratio of net heat output (for heating), or the net heat removed (for cooling) to the energy input (external work). The efficiency of a heat engine is ...

4. Coefficient of performance - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_performance

   The heat pump itself can be improved by increasing the size of the internal heat exchangers, which in turn increases the efficiency (and the cost) relative to the power of the compressor, and also by reducing the system's internal temperature gap over the compressor. Obviously, this latter measure makes some heat pumps unsuitable to produce ...

5. Heat pump and refrigeration cycle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_pump_and...

   Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. [1] A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. [2]

6. Thermodynamic diagrams - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_diagrams

   The path or series of states through which a system passes from an initial equilibrium state to a final equilibrium state [1] and can be viewed graphically on a pressure-volume (P-V), pressure-temperature (P-T), and temperature-entropy (T-s) diagrams. [2] There are an infinite number of possible paths from an initial point to an end point in a ...

7. Heat pump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_pump

   Because the ground is a constant temperature source, a ground-source heat pump is not subjected to large temperature fluctuations, and therefore is the most energy-efficient type of heat pump. [ 53 ] The "seasonal coefficient of performance" (SCOP) is a measure of the aggregate energy efficiency measure over a period of one year which is ...