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The structure of the French judiciary is divided into three tiers: Inferior courts of original and general jurisdiction; Intermediate appellate courts which hear cases on appeal from lower courts; Courts of last resort which hear appeals from lower appellate courts on the interpretation of law. There are exceptions to this scheme, as noted below.
Organization of the French judiciary for criminal matters. There are two categories of criminal jurisdiction: investigation ( French : instruction ) and judgement ( jugement ). This distinction is echoed by the French code of criminal procedure ( Code de procédure pénale ), which nevertheless does not define how to distinguish the one from ...
Jurisdictional dualism in France is the separation of the French court system into two separate divisions, or "ordres", as they are called in French: the ordinary courts (ordre judiciaire), and the administrative courts [] (ordre administratif). [1]
French law has a dual jurisdictional system comprising private law (droit privé), also known as judicial law, and public law (droit public). [1] [2] Schema of jurisdictional dualism in the French legal system. Judicial law includes, in particular: Civil law (droit civil) Criminal law (droit pénal) Public law includes, in particular:
in modern law cour d'assises exists only in the French judiciary and other civil law jurisdictions, i.e. Corte d'Assise Italian Cour d'assises; Belgian Cour d'assises; it may also refer to obsolete courts in a number of common law jurisdictions, for example: Assizes; Assizes (Ireland) or royal writs, for example: Assize of Clarendon; Assize of ...
The jurisdiction of the Paris judicial court is nationwide for matters of: crimes against humanity and war crimes, [3] crimes committed outside the territory by members of the French armed forces or against them in peacetime [4] (since the removal of the Tribunal of the armies of Paris in 2012), corruption and tax evasion. [5]
The Palais-Royal in Paris, home of the Conseil d'État. The Council of State originates from the 13th century, by which time the King's Court (Curia regis) had split into three sections, one of which was the King's Council (Curia in consilium, later Conseil du roi), which too broke up into three distinct parts: the Conseil secret 'Privy Council', the Conseil privé 'Private Council', and ...
The French National School for the Judiciary (French: École nationale de la magistrature or ENM) is a French grande école, founded in 1958 [2] by French President Charles de Gaulle and the father of the current French Constitution, Michel Debré, in order to encourage law students to embrace a judicial career. [3]