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The preimage of an output value is the set of input values that produce . More generally, evaluating f {\displaystyle f} at each element of a given subset A {\displaystyle A} of its domain X {\displaystyle X} produces a set, called the " image of A {\displaystyle A} under (or through) f {\displaystyle f} ".
In words, given two programs, if the first program is in the set of programs satisfying the property and two programs are computing the same thing, then also the second program satisfies the property. This means that if one program with a certain property is in the set, all programs computing the same function must also be in the set).
A Vitali set is a subset of the interval [,] of real numbers such that, for each real number , there is exactly one number such that is a rational number.Vitali sets exist because the rational numbers form a normal subgroup of the real numbers under addition, and this allows the construction of the additive quotient group / of these two groups which is the group formed by the cosets + of the ...
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... under a function is the preimage of the singleton set }, [1]: p.69 ... must be restricted to the image set ...
If dealing with sheaves of sets instead of sheaves of abelian groups, the same definition applies. Similarly, if f: (X, O X) → (Y, O Y) is a morphism of ringed spaces, we obtain a direct image functor f ∗: Sh(X,O X) → Sh(Y,O Y) from the category of sheaves of O X-modules to the category of sheaves of O Y-modules.
Some authors call a function : between two topological spaces proper if the preimage of every compact set in is compact in . Other authors call a map f {\displaystyle f} proper if it is continuous and closed with compact fibers ; that is if it is a continuous closed map and the preimage of every point in Y {\displaystyle Y} is compact .
A subset of R n is a null set if, for every ε > 0, it can be covered with countably many products of n intervals whose total volume is at most ε. All countable sets are null sets. If a subset of R n has Hausdorff dimension less than n then it is a null set with respect to n-dimensional Lebesgue measure.
If A is a set, then the absolute complement of A (or simply the complement of A) is the set of elements not in A (within a larger set that is implicitly defined). In other words, let U be a set that contains all the elements under study; if there is no need to mention U, either because it has been previously specified, or it is obvious and unique, then the absolute complement of A is the ...