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A wood-decay or xylophagous fungus is any species of fungus that digests moist wood, causing it to rot. Some species of wood-decay fungi attack dead wood, such as brown rot, and some, such as Armillaria (honey fungus), are parasitic and colonize living trees.
The mycelium of this fungus doesn’t grow in the soil and also its spores are not spread by wind like most fungal pathogens. [1] Infection occurs when roots of healthy trees grow in contact with infected roots. After initial contact with a living root, the mycelium grows on the bark, extending only a few millimeters into the surrounding soil.
Heterobasidion irregulare is a tree root rotting pathogenic fungus that belongs to the genus Heterobasidion, which includes important pathogens of conifers and other woody plants. It has a wide host and geographic range throughout North America and causes considerable economic damage in pine plantations in the United States.
This root disease typically causes the tree to have a thin crown from bottom up and inside out. Trees will eventually die. A landscape scale symptom is the rings of dead trees in various stages of decay and death, with the oldest at the center and progressively younger moving outward. The white rot fungus found in the roots is the sign of ...
Diagram of white root rot disease cycle Black root-like rhizomorphs on an unidentified European Armillaria species. For the most part, this fungus exhibits a life cycle characteristic of basidiomycetes. It reproduces sexually with the mating of hyphae and produces a basidiocarp at the base of the infected host. This basidiocarp produces ...
Heart rot fungi, including P. pini, enter trees as mycelium or basidiospores through branch stubs, tree stumps, damaged roots, dead branches, and wounds in general and go on to infect the heartwood of the tree. Fire and cutting operations cause the most common points of entry for the fungus. Moist environments also facilitate fungal growth. [10]
The bracket fungus Fistulina hepatica is one of many that cause heart rot.. Heart rot is caused by fungi entering the trunk of the tree through wounds in the bark.These wounds are areas of the tree where bare wood is exposed and usually, a result of improper pruning, fire damage, dead branches, insects, or even animal damage.
P. noxium attacks the roots and lower trunk of trees, causing roots to rot and resulting in dieback (another term for root rot). It causes brown root rot disease, which afflicts over 200 plant species in tropical and subtropical regions. The pathogen can survive in the soil and on dead plant material for more than a decade, and the primary ...