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The 100-ton gun (also known as the Armstrong 100-ton gun) [6] was a british coastal defense gun and is the world's largest black powder cannon. It was a 17.72-inch (450 mm) rifled muzzle-loading (RML) gun made by Elswick Ordnance Company, the armaments division of the British manufacturing company Armstrong Whitworth, owned by William Armstrong.
The original charge was 450 pounds of prismatic black powder giving a muzzle velocity of 1604 feet/second. However, as this damaged the barrel, it was replaced by brown powder from April 1885. N.J.M. Campbell, "British Super-Heavy Guns".
The 6-inch (152 mm)/40 caliber Mark 4 guns were developed before the Spanish–American War and still used black powder or brown powder, in later years they were not considered strong enough to withstand the higher chamber pressures generated by the newer smokeless powder adopted around 1898.
Employees working with the automatic 16-inch powder stacking machine at Naval Ammunition Depot Hingham, Mass. during World War II. The Mark 7 gun was a built-up gun and was constructed of liner, tube, jacket, three hoops, two locking rings, tube and liner locking ring, yoke ring and screw box liner.
The shot was carried on a specially designed iron barrow or two-man litter and, in the era of black-powder cannon charges contained in cloth bags, occasioned much fanfare and notice as it was conveyed to the cannon muzzle as the red-hot projectile would easily ignite any carelessly handled loose powder.
57 mm kan M/92 (Maxim-Nordenfelt 57 mm fast shooting naval gun L/48 model 1892) Sweden-Norway: 1890s - Cold War 57 mm (2.2 in) 57 mm kan M/95 (Finspång 57 mm naval gun L/26 model 1895) Sweden-Norway: 1890s - Cold War 57 mm (2.2 in) 57 mm kan M/16 (Bofors 57 mm naval gun L/21 model 1916) Sweden: World War I - Cold War 57 mm (2.2 in)
A muzzle-loaded cannon: 1) projectile (shot), 2) powder charge, 3) vent The official weight of the shot was listed at 68 lbs but in reality this varied according to the material of the shot itself; cast iron shot weighed 67 lb (30 kg), wrought iron shot and steel shot weighed 72 lb (33 kg), and chilled steel weighed 68 lb 8 oz (31.1 kg). [ 11 ]
The BL 5-inch guns Mk I – Mk V [note 1] were early British 5-inch rifled breechloading naval guns after it switched from rifled muzzle-loaders in the late 1870s. They were originally designed to use the old gunpowder propellants. The 5-inch calibre was soon discontinued in favour of QF 4.7-inch.