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Robot arms are described by their degrees of freedom. This is a practical metric, in contrast to the abstract definition of degrees of freedom which measures the aggregate positioning capability of a system. [3] In 2007, Dean Kamen, inventor of the Segway, unveiled a prototype robotic arm [4] with 14 degrees of freedom for DARPA.
A serial robot arm can be described as a chain of links that are moved by joints which are actuated by motors. An end-effector, also called a robot hand, can be attached to the end of the chain. As other robotic mechanisms, robot arms are typically classified in terms of the number of degrees of freedom. Usually, the number of degrees of ...
Serial robots usually have six joints, because it requires at least six degrees of freedom to place a manipulated object in an arbitrary position and orientation in the workspace of the robot. A popular application for serial robots in today's industry is the pick-and-place assembly robot, called a SCARA robot, which has four degrees of freedom.
An example of a simple open chain is a serial robot manipulator. These robotic systems are constructed from a series of links connected by six one degree-of-freedom revolute or prismatic joints, so the system has six degrees of freedom. An example of a simple closed chain is the RSSR spatial four-bar linkage.
Members of the Multipteron [8] family of manipulators have either 3, 4, 5 or 6 degrees of freedom (DoF). The Tripteron 3-DoF member has three translation degrees of freedom 3T DoF, with the subsequent members of the Multipteron family each adding a rotational R degree of freedom. Each member of the family has mutually perpendicular linear ...
An articulated six DOF robotic arm uses forward kinematics to position the gripper. The forward kinematics equations define the trajectory of the end-effector of a PUMA robot reaching for parts. In robot kinematics , forward kinematics refers to the use of the kinematic equations of a robot to compute the position of the end-effector from ...