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The type of brake system in use only affects trucks and large mass vehicles, which cannot supply enough force to match the static frictional force. [1] [Note 2] The braking distance is one of two principal components of the total stopping distance. The other component is the reaction distance, which is the product of the speed and the ...
A consumption map or efficiency map [1] is a chart that displays the brake-specific fuel consumption of an internal combustion engine at a given rotational speed and mean effective pressure, in grams per kilowatt-hour (g/kWh). The map contains each possible condition combining rotational speed and mean effective pressure.
Automobile manufacturers publish power measured at the crankshaft (bhp or brake horsepower). However, it is the power a car can produce at the wheels (wheel horsepower or whp) that matters when it comes to acceleration performance. Wheel horsepower equals brake horsepower minus drivetrain losses, which can be anywhere from about 10% to 25%. [12]
The efficiency often reported for a particular engine, however, is not its maximum efficiency but a fuel economy cycle statistical average. For example, the cycle average value of BSFC for a gasoline engine is 322 g/(kW⋅h), translating to an efficiency of 25% (1/(322 × 0.0122225) = 0.2540).
During the test, the computer measures the brake force values and the system will calculate the imbalance between the left and right brake forces of an axle, as well as the brake efficiency of the service brake and the parking brake provided that a vehicle weight is either inputted manually or by using an integrated weighing system. [2]
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Using such a map, one can find the efficiency of the engine at various combinations of rpm, torque, etc. [26] During the pulse (acceleration) phase of pulse and glide, the efficiency is near maximal due to the high torque and much of this energy is stored as kinetic energy of the moving vehicle. This efficiently obtained kinetic energy is then ...
3) Efficiency was reported as "duty", meaning how many foot pounds (or newton-metres) of work lifting water were produced, but the mechanical pumping efficiency is not known. [ 15 ] The first piston steam engine, developed by Thomas Newcomen around 1710, was slightly over one half percent (0.5%) efficient.