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where P is the pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant and T is the absolute temperature. The proportionality constant, now named R, is the universal gas constant with a value of 8.3144598 (kPa∙L)/(mol∙K). An equivalent formulation of this law is: =
In the Arrhenius model of reaction rates, activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that must be available to reactants for a chemical reaction to occur. [1] The activation energy (Ea) of a reaction is measured in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol). [2] Activation energy can be thought of as the magnitude ...
Mass diffusivity. Diffusivity, mass diffusivity or diffusion coefficient is usually written as the proportionality constant between the molar flux due to molecular diffusion and the negative value of the gradient in the concentration of the species. More accurately, the diffusion coefficient times the local concentration is the proportionality ...
t. e. In thermodynamics, the reduced properties of a fluid are a set of state variables scaled by the fluid's state properties at its critical point. These dimensionless thermodynamic coordinates, taken together with a substance's compressibility factor, provide the basis for the simplest form of the theorem of corresponding states. [1]
Data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. and CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. The annotation, d a °C/ b °C, indicates density of solution at temperature a divided by density of pure water at temperature b known as specific gravity. When temperature b is 4 °C, density of water is 0.999972 g/mL. % wt. methanol.
The ideal gas law allows one to measure temperature on this absolute scale using the gas thermometer. The temperature in kelvins can be defined as the pressure in pascals of one mole of gas in a container of one cubic meter, divided by the gas constant.
S o liquid: 158.0 J/(mol K) Enthalpy of combustion, Δ c H o –876.1 kJ/mol Heat capacity c p: 123.1 J/(mol K) Gas properties Std enthalpy change of formation Δ f H o gas –438.1 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy S o gas: 282.84 J/(mol K) Heat capacity c p: 63.4 J/(mol K) van der Waals' constants [2] a = 1782.3 L 2 kPa/mol 2 b = 0.1068 liter per ...
The average temperature decrease is 3.6 °F (2.0 °C) per 300-meter (1,000 ft) increase in altitude, and at 12,000 meters (40,000 ft), the temperature can approach −57 °C (−70 °F). Additives like benzene, with a freezing point of 6 °C (42 °F), would freeze in the gasoline and plug fuel lines.