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Earth's energy imbalance (EEI) Earth's energy budget (in W/m 2) determines the climate. It is the balance of incoming and outgoing radiation and can be measured by satellites. The Earth's energy imbalance is the "net absorbed" energy amount and grew from +0.6 W/m 2 (2009 est. [ 8 ]) to above +1.0 W/m 2 in 2019.
The mean height of land above sea level is about 797 m (2,615 ft). [108] Land can be covered by surface water, snow, ice, artificial structures or vegetation. Most of Earth's land hosts vegetation, [109] but considerable amounts of land are ice sheets (10%, [110] not including the equally large area of land under permafrost) [111] or deserts ...
A Type I civilization is usually defined as one that can harness all the energy that reaches its home planet from its parent star (for Earth, this value is about 2 × 10 17 watts), which is about four orders of magnitude higher than the amount currently achieved on Earth, with an energy consumption of ≈2 × 10 13 watts by 2020.
Earth's energy imbalance (EEI) was about 0.7 W/m 2 as of around 2015, indicating that Earth as a whole is accumulating thermal energy and is in a process of becoming warmer. [22]: 934 Over 90% of the retained energy goes into warming the oceans, with much smaller amounts going into heating the land, atmosphere, and ice. [51]
Instrument inaccuracies add a significant uncertainty in determining Earth's energy balance. The energy imbalance has been variously measured (during a deep solar minimum of 2005–2010) to be +0.58 ± 0.15 W/m 2, [33] +0.60 ± 0.17 W/m 2 [34] and +0.85 W/m 2. Estimates from space-based measurements range +3–7 W/m 2.
On average, a global hectare can be produced in the area of a standard hectare. A hectare (/ ˈ h ɛ k t ɛər /; symbol ha) is a unit of area equal to 10,000 square metres (107,639 sq ft) (a square 100 metres on each side or 328 feet on each side), 2.471 acres, 0.01 square kilometers, 0.00386102 square miles, or one square hectometre (100 metres squared).
Atmospheric circulation. Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air and together with ocean circulation is the means by which thermal energy is redistributed on the surface of the Earth. The Earth's atmospheric circulation varies from year to year, but the large-scale structure of its circulation remains fairly constant.
Land is often defined as the solid, dry surface of Earth. [1] The word land may also collectively refer the collective natural resources of Earth, [2] including its land cover, rivers, shallow lakes, its biosphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere (troposphere), groundwater reserves, and the physical results of human activity on land, such as architecture and agriculture. [3]