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High anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA) is a type of metabolic acidosis. Differentiation of acidosis into a particular subtype, whether high anion gap metabolic acidosis or non-anion gap metabolic acidosis aids in the determination of the etiology and hence appropriate treatment.
Metabolic acidosis can develop if you have too many acids in your blood that wipe out bicarbonate (high anion gap metabolic acidosis) or if you lose too much bicarbonate in your blood as a result of kidney disease or kidney failure (normal anion gap metabolic acidosis).
The delta anion gap/delta HCO3 ratio in patients with a high anion gap metabolic acidosis; Treatment of distal (type 1) and proximal (type 2) renal tubular acidosis; Venous blood gases and other alternatives to arterial blood gases
The anion gap (AG) is a mathematical construct that compares the blood sodium concentration with the sum of the chloride and bicarbonate concentrations. It is a helpful calculation that divides the metabolic acidoses into 2 categories: high AG metabolic acidosis (HAGMA) and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis—and thereby delimits the potential ...
High anion gap metabolic acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis characterized by a high anion gap (a medical value based on the concentrations of ions in a patient's serum). Metabolic acidosis occurs when the body produces too much acid, or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body. Several types of metabolic acidosis occur ...
Bicarbonate >28 mM with a normal anion gap indicates a pure metabolic alkalosis. A bicarbonate of 22-28 mm with a normal anion gap indicates a normal metabolic pH status.
Healthcare providers most commonly use anion gap to identify cases of metabolic acidosis — when you have higher-than-normal amounts of acid in your blood. Contents Overview Test Details Results and Follow-Up. Overview.
The Anion Gap (AG) is a derived variable primarily used for the evaluation of metabolic acidosis to determine the presence of unmeasured anions. The normal anion gap depends on serum phosphate and serum albumin concentrations. An elevated anion gap strongly suggests the presence of a metabolic acidosis.
An elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis can be caused by salicylate toxicity, diabetic ketoacidosis, and uremia (MUDPILES). Non-Gap metabolic acidosis is due to GI loss of bicarbonate (diarrhea) or a failure of kidneys to excrete acid.
Determination of the serum anion gap (AG) is an important step in the differential diagnosis of acid-base disorders and especially metabolic acidosis [1-5]. (See "Approach to the adult with metabolic acidosis", section on 'Physiologic interpretation of the serum anion gap'.)