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Cardiac muscle or myocardium is the involuntary, striated muscle that forms the main tissue of the heart wall. It is composed of individual cardiac muscle cells joined by intercalated discs, and encased by collagen fibers and other substances that form the extracellular matrix.
Learn about the structure and function of the human heart, a muscular organ with four chambers, four valves, and two arteries. See diagrams and details of the right and left atria and ventricles, the fibrous skeleton, and the pericardium.
Learn about the structure, location, and function of the human heart, a muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system. The heart has four chambers, four valves, and a rhythm controlled by the sinoatrial node and the conduction system.
Learn about the three types of muscle tissue (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth) and how they work together to produce movement, maintain posture, and circulate blood. Find out how muscles contract, adapt, and use energy in response to nerve signals and environmental factors.
As with skeletal muscles the heart can increase in size and efficiency with exercise. [1] Thus endurance athletes such as marathon runners may have a heart that has hypertrophied by up to 40%. [ 3 ] : 1063–64 The difference between maximum and minimum cardiac outputs is known as the cardiac reserve and this measures the residual capacity to ...
The cardiac cycle is the performance of the human heart from one heartbeat to the next, consisting of diastole (relaxation and refilling) and systole (contraction and pumping). Learn about the valves, blood flow, electrical impulses, and Wiggers diagram of the cardiac cycle.
The circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate. It has two divisions, a pulmonary circulation and a systemic circulation, and is closed in vertebrates.
Learn about the types, actions, and anatomy of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. Find out how agonists, antagonists, synergists, and other terms describe muscle function and motion.