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During the late 18th-century French Revolution, France was the first country in Europe to emancipate its Jewish population. Antisemitism nonetheless persisted despite legal equality, manifested for instance in the Dreyfus affair of the late 19th century.
Catholicism, Politics, and Society in Twentieth-Century France (2000) online; Collins, Ross W. Catholicism and the Second French Republic 1848-1852 (1923) Cubitt, Geoffrey. The Jesuit Myth: Conspiracy Theory and Politics in Nineteenth-Century France (1993) Dansette. Adrien. Religious History of Modern France (2 vol 1961) Gildea, Robert.
Looting of a church during the Revolution, by Swebach-Desfontaines (c. 1793). The aim of a number of separate policies conducted by various governments of France during the French Revolution ranged from the appropriation by the government of the great landed estates and the large amounts of money held by the Catholic Church to the termination of Christian religious practice and of the religion ...
A map of France in 1843 under the July Monarchy. By the French Revolution, the Kingdom of France had expanded to nearly the modern territorial limits. The 19th century would complete the process by the annexation of the Duchy of Savoy and the County of Nice (first during the First Empire, and then definitively in 1860) and some small papal (like Avignon) and foreign possessions.
The Politics of Secularism: Religion, Diversity, and Institutional Change in France and Turkey (Columbia University Press, 2017). Mayeur, Jean-Marie Mayeur and Madeleine Rebérioux. The Third Republic from its Origins to the Great War, 1871 - 1914 (1984) pp 227–44; Phillips, C.S. The Church in France, 1848-1907 (1936) Sabatier, Paul.
In the last quarter of the 19th century, France achieved a notable literacy rate, with 72% of newlyweds able to sign the marriage register. However, still feeling the effects of the defeat in 1870, the leaders of the Third Republic aimed to further enhance education by shaping schools to cultivate good republicans and patriots.
15 19th century. 16 20th century. 17 ... changes and political events in France and its ... of Church and State ended government funding of religious groups ...
In the early 21st century, there were approximately one million Protestants in France, representing some 2% of its population. [72] Most are concentrated in Alsace in northeast France and the Cévennes mountain region in the south, who still regard themselves as Huguenots to this day.