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Childhood leukemia is the most common childhood cancer, accounting for 29% of cancers in children aged 0–14 in 2018. [1] There are multiple forms of leukemia that occur in children, the most common being acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) followed by acute myeloid leukemia (AML). [2]
The term childhood disease refers to disease that is contracted or becomes symptomatic before the age of 18 or 21 years old. Many of these diseases can also be contracted by adults. Some childhood diseases include:
In children under 15 in first-world countries, the five-year survival rate is greater than 60% or even 90%, depending on the type of leukemia. [13] In children who are cancer-free five years after diagnosis of acute leukemia, the cancer is unlikely to return. [13] In 2015, leukemia was present in 2.3 million people worldwide and caused 353,500 ...
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare form of chronic leukemia (cancer of the blood) that affects children, commonly those aged four and younger. [2] The name JMML now encompasses all diagnoses formerly referred to as juvenile chronic myeloid leukemia (JCML), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia of infancy, and infantile monosomy 7 syndrome.
Sickle cell disease is a group of inherited blood disorders, caused by a genetic abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blood cells. [57] Under certain circumstances, this leads to the red blood cells adopting an abnormal sickle -like shape; with this shape, they are unable to deform as they pass through capillaries ...
The following is a list of genetic disorders and if known, type of mutation and for the chromosome involved. Although the parlance "disease-causing gene" is common, it is the occurrence of an abnormality in the parents that causes the impairment to develop within the child.
Although 80 to 90% of children will have a long term complete response with treatment, [45]: 1527 it remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among children. [82] 85% of cases are of B-cell lineage and have an equal number of cases in both males and females. The remaining 15% of T-cell lineage have a male predominance.
Low-risk disease in babies typically has a good outcome with surgery or simply observation. [5] In high-risk disease, chances of long-term survival, however, are less than 40%, despite aggressive treatment. [5] Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer in babies and the third-most common cancer in children after leukemia and brain cancer. [5]