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USA (NASA) Pioneer 10 [29] 15 July 1972: First spacecraft to enter the asteroid belt. First spacecraft beyond the orbit of Mars. USA (NASA) Pioneer 10 [29] 15 November 1972: First orbital gamma ray observatory. USA (NASA) SAS 2: 3 November 1973 First mission sent to study Mercury. USA (NASA) Mariner 10 [30] 3 December 1973: First flyby of Jupiter.
During the mission, an uncrewed Orion capsule spent 10 days in a distant retrograde 60,000 kilometers (37,000 mi) orbit around the Moon before returning to Earth. [10] Artemis II , the first crewed mission of the program, will launch four astronauts in 2025 [ 11 ] on a free-return flyby of the Moon at a distance of 8,900 kilometers (5,500 mi).
NASA found a strong advocate in President Ronald Reagan, who declared in a 1984 speech: America has always been greatest when we dared to be great. We can reach for greatness again. We can follow our dreams to distant stars, living and working in space for peaceful, economic, and scientific gain.
NASA also cooperates with other U.S. civil agencies such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to deliver space assets supporting the weather and civil remote sensing mandates of those organizations. In 2022, NASA's annual budget was approximately $24 billion.
Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is NASA's first, and oldest, space center.It is named after Robert H. Goddard, the father of modern rocketry.Throughout its history, the center has managed, developed, and operated many notable missions, including the Cosmic Background Explorer, the Hubble Space Telescope, the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS), the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter ...
The Apollo program has been described as the greatest technological achievement in human history. [152] Apollo stimulated many areas of technology, leading to over 1,800 spinoff products as of 2015, including advances in the development of cordless power tools, fireproof materials , heart monitors , solar panels , digital imaging , and the use ...
NASA's first attempt to land a spacecraft on the Moon. A series of malfunctions caused spacecraft to hurtle past the Moon. [6] April 23 US: Ranger 4: Atlas-Agena: Moon Partial failure: Was the first U.S. spacecraft to reach another celestial body. Failure in the onboard computer prevented it from carrying out its scientific objectives.
10 launches Frederick W. Sturckow (USA), Space Shuttle and SpaceShipTwo (1998–2024) Note: The six SpaceShipTwo flights surpass the U.S. definition of spaceflight (50 mi (80.47 km)), but fall short of the Kármán line (100 km (62.14 mi)), the definition used for FAI space recordkeeping.