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Retinal hemorrhage (UK English: retinal haemorrhage) is a disorder of the eye in which bleeding occurs in the retina, the light sensitive tissue, located on the back wall of the eye. [1] There are photoreceptor cells in the retina called rods and cones , which transduce light energy into nerve signals that can be processed by the brain to form ...
Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) are abnormalities of the blood vessels that supply the retina of the eye, a sign of diabetic retinopathy. [1] IRMA can be difficult to distinguish from and is likely a precursor to retinal neovascularization .
2.1 Differential diagnosis. 3 Treatment. 4 Epidemiology. ... Download as PDF; Printable version; ... Intraretinal hemorrhages and hard exudates may also be seen. [3]
Advanced retinopathy lesions, such as microaneurysms, blot hemorrhages and/or flame hemorrhages, ischemic changes (e.g. "cotton wool spots"), hard exudates and in severe cases swelling of the optic disc (optic disc edema), a ring of exudates around the retina called a "macular star" and visual acuity loss, typically due to macular involvement.
The causes of macular edema are numerous and different causes may be inter-related. It is commonly associated with diabetes.Chronic or uncontrolled diabetes type 2 can affect peripheral blood vessels including those of the retina which may leak fluid, blood and occasionally fats into the retina causing it to swell.
The angiography test will usually show one or more fluorescent spots with fluid leakage. In 10%-15% of the cases these will appear in a classic smokestack shape. [citation needed] Differential diagnosis should be immediately performed to rule out retinal detachment, which is a medical emergency. A clinical record should be taken to keep a ...
President-elect Donald Trump plans to launch a mass deportation operation targeting millions of immigrants living in the U.S. illegally and with temporary protections once he takes office on Jan ...
Fracture of the inner segment/outer segment layer, change of retinal pigment epithelium interdigitation linked to intraretinal edema of the outer nuclear layer, neurosensory retinal detachment, and increased reflectivity of the line at the junction of the photoreceptor inner and outer segments in the healing phase have also been reported in ...