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Other effects directly influencing the sex of an individual include a decrease in number and quality of sperm and increased deficiency in a male's reproductive system. [13] Specifically looking at the effects of EDCs on sperm, these chemicals cause a premature release of a chemical that the sperm cells use to penetrate the egg's outer layer. [1]
A prolonged decline in male fertility in the form of sperm concentrations appears to be connected to the use of pesticides, according to a study published Nov. 15.
Social commentators have said that the wide-ranging consequences of male infertility necessitate the use of crisis, [13] since widespread involuntary childlessness can be viewed as a crisis. [14] Research analysis has found that amongst a sample of British newspapers in the 1990s, there was a recognizable discourse about a male fertility crisis ...
Reproductive toxicants may adversely affect sexual function, ovarian failure, fertility as well as causing developmental toxicity in the offspring. [2] [3] Lowered effective fertility related to reproductive toxicity relates to both male and female effects alike and is reflected in decreased sperm counts, semen quality and ovarian failure.
In terms of male fertility, ozone is reported to cause a significant decrease in the concentration and count of sperm in semen after exposure. [186] Similarly, sperm vitality, the proportion of live spermatozoa in a sample, was demonstrated to be diminished as a result of exposure to air pollution. [ 187 ]
Y chromosomal infertility is a direct cause of male infertility due to its effects on sperm production, occurring in approximately one in 2000 males. [22] Usually, affected men show no symptoms, although they may have smaller testes.
For water pollution: waterhealthconnection.org > Overview of Waterborne Disease Trends By Patricia L. Meinhardt, MD, MPH, MA, Author. Retrieved on April 16, 2009; For soil contamination: Pennsylvania State University > Potential Health Effects of Pesticides. by Eric S. Lorenz. 2007. Date: 17 April 2009: Source: All used images are in public domain.
Water pollution also reduces the ecosystem services such as drinking water provided by the water resource. Sources of water pollution are either point sources or non-point sources. [155] Point sources have one identifiable cause, such as a storm drain, a wastewater treatment plant, or an oil spill. Non-point sources are more diffuse.