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  2. Expected value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_value

    Law of total expectation – the expected value of the conditional expected value of X given Y is the same as the expected value of X; Median – indicated by in a drawing above; Nonlinear expectation – a generalization of the expected value; Population mean; Predicted value

  3. Variance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance

    The red population has mean 100 and variance 100 (SD=10) while the blue population has mean 100 and variance 2500 (SD=50) where SD stands for Standard Deviation. In probability theory and statistics, variance is the expected value of the squared deviation from the mean of a random variable.

  4. Statistical population - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_population

    In statistics, a population is a set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment. [1] A statistical population can be a group of existing objects (e.g. the set of all stars within the Milky Way galaxy) or a hypothetical and potentially infinite group of objects conceived as a generalization from experience (e.g. the set of all possible hands in a game of ...

  5. Sample mean and covariance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_mean_and_covariance

    The arithmetic mean of a population, or population mean, is often denoted μ. [2] The sample mean ¯ (the arithmetic mean of a sample of values drawn from the population) makes a good estimator of the population mean, as its expected value is equal to the population mean (that is, it is an unbiased estimator).

  6. Bias of an estimator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias_of_an_estimator

    In other words, the expected value of the uncorrected sample variance does not equal the population variance σ 2, unless multiplied by a normalization factor. The sample mean, on the other hand, is an unbiased [ 5 ] estimator of the population mean μ .

  7. Standard deviation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation

    In the following formula, the letter E is interpreted to mean expected value, ... Red population has mean 100 and SD 10; blue population has mean 100 and SD 50.

  8. Notation in probability and statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notation_in_probability...

    Greek letters (e.g. θ, β) are commonly used to denote unknown parameters (population parameters). [3]A tilde (~) denotes "has the probability distribution of". Placing a hat, or caret (also known as a circumflex), over a true parameter denotes an estimator of it, e.g., ^ is an estimator for .

  9. Mode (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_(statistics)

    Like the statistical mean and median, the mode is a way of expressing, in a (usually) single number, important information about a random variable or a population. The numerical value of the mode is the same as that of the mean and median in a normal distribution, and it may be very different in highly skewed distributions.