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"A base is a natural number B whose powers (B multiplied by itself some number of times) are specially designated within a numerical system." [1]: 38 The term is not equivalent to radix, as it applies to all numerical notation systems (not just positional ones with a radix) and most systems of spoken numbers. [1]
Integer arithmetic is not closed under division. This means that when dividing one integer by another integer, the result is not always an integer. For instance, 7 divided by 2 is not a whole number but 3.5. [73] One way to ensure that the result is an integer is to round the result to a whole number.
Achilles would then have to move 5 meters, where the tortoise would move 2.5 meters, and so on. Zeno argued that the tortoise would always remain ahead of Achilles. Similarly, Zeno's dichotomy paradox arises from the supposition that to move a certain distance, one would have to move half of it, then half of the remaining distance, and so on ...
In the case of two nested square roots, the following theorem completely solves the problem of denesting. [2]If a and c are rational numbers and c is not the square of a rational number, there are two rational numbers x and y such that + = if and only if is the square of a rational number d.
Name First elements Short description OEIS Mersenne prime exponents : 2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 17, 19, 31, 61, 89, ... Primes p such that 2 p − 1 is prime.: A000043 ...
For instance, the sequence 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, . . . is an arithmetic progression with a common difference of 2. If the initial term of an arithmetic progression is a 1 {\displaystyle a_{1}} and the common difference of successive members is d {\displaystyle d} , then the n {\displaystyle n} -th term of the sequence ( a n {\displaystyle a_{n ...
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If 2 k + 1 is prime and k > 0, then k itself must be a power of 2, [1] so 2 k + 1 is a Fermat number; such primes are called Fermat primes. As of 2023 [update] , the only known Fermat primes are F 0 = 3 , F 1 = 5 , F 2 = 17 , F 3 = 257 , and F 4 = 65537 (sequence A019434 in the OEIS ).