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The transformer model has been implemented in standard deep learning frameworks such as TensorFlow and PyTorch. Transformers is a library produced by Hugging Face that supplies transformer-based architectures and pretrained models.
Generative pretraining (GP) was a long-established concept in machine learning applications. [16] [17] It was originally used as a form of semi-supervised learning, as the model is trained first on an unlabelled dataset (pretraining step) by learning to generate datapoints in the dataset, and then it is trained to classify a labelled dataset. [18]
Transformers were first developed as an improvement over previous architectures for machine translation,[4][5] but have found many applications since. They are used in large-scale natural language processing, computer vision (vision transformers), reinforcement learning,[6][7] audio,[8] multimodal learning, robotics,[9] and even playing chess.[10]
An illustration of main components of the transformer model from the paper "Attention Is All You Need" [1] is a 2017 landmark [2] [3] research paper in machine learning authored by eight scientists working at Google.
T5 (Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer) is a series of large language models developed by Google AI introduced in 2019. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Like the original Transformer model, [ 3 ] T5 models are encoder-decoder Transformers , where the encoder processes the input text, and the decoder generates the output text.
To enable handling long data sequences, Mamba incorporates the Structured State Space sequence model (S4). [2] S4 can effectively and efficiently model long dependencies by combining continuous-time, recurrent, and convolutional models. These enable it to handle irregularly sampled data, unbounded context, and remain computationally efficient ...
Other than language models, Vision MoE [33] is a Transformer model with MoE layers. They demonstrated it by training a model with 15 billion parameters. MoE Transformer has also been applied for diffusion models. [34] A series of large language models from Google used MoE. GShard [35] uses MoE with up to top-2 experts per layer. Specifically ...
Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3.5 (GPT-3.5) is a sub class of GPT-3 Models created by OpenAI in 2022. On March 15, 2022, OpenAI made available new versions of GPT-3 and Codex in its API with edit and insert capabilities under the names "text-davinci-002" and "code-davinci-002". [ 28 ]