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Augury was a Greco-Roman religion practice of observing the behavior of birds, to receive omens. When the individual, known as the augur , read these signs, it was referred to as "taking the auspices".
Contrary to other divinatory practices present in Rome (e.g. haruspicina, consultation of the libri Sibyllini) Roman augury appears to be autochthonous and pre-historical, originally Latin or Italic, and attested in the Iguvine Tables (avif aseria) and among other Latin tribes.
Other occult uses of the classical elements include their uses in alchemy. Cleromancy; Coco (folklore) Color therapy see Chromotherapy; Cone of power; Conjuration (summoning up a spirit by incantation) Coven (a community of witches) Crossroads (folklore) Crystal gazing, see also Scrying; Cult; Cunning folk traditions and the Latter Day Saint ...
Ornithomancy (modern term from Greek ornis "bird" and manteia "divination"; in Ancient Greek: οἰωνίζομαι "take omens from the flight and cries of birds") is the practice of reading omens from the actions of birds followed in many ancient cultures including the Greeks, and is equivalent to the augury employed by the ancient Romans.
Names like drimimantia, nigromantia, and horoscopia arose, along with other pseudosciences such as phrenology and physiognomy. [ 1 ] Some forms of divination are much older than the Middle Ages, like haruspication , while others such as coffee-based tasseomancy originated in the 20th and 21st centuries.
The word has three closely related meanings in augury: the observing of signs by an augur or other diviner; the process of observing, recording, and establishing the meaning of signs over time; and the codified body of knowledge accumulated by systematic observation, that is, "unbending rules" regarded as objective, or external to an individual ...
Herodotus provided a record of the prophetic productions resulting from Delphi as well as several instances of augury. [50] Dicaearchus dismissed any notion of the trueness of divination by any means other than dreams and frenzy. [49] Aristophanes mentions an oracle in his comedy Knights. [51] Aristotle wrote On Divination in Sleep, written 350 ...
Most sovereign states have alternative names. Some countries have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. Some have special names particular to poetic diction or other contexts. This article attempts to give all known alternative names and initialisms for all nations, countries, and sovereign states, in English and any ...