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Zizania texana is a rare species of grass known by the common name Texas wild rice. It is endemic to Texas, where it is found only on the upper San Marcos River in Hays County. It is threatened by the loss and degradation of its habitat. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. [2] [3] [4] [5]
The San Marcos River rises from the San Marcos Springs, the location of the Meadows Center for Water and the Environment (formerly Aquarena Springs), in San Marcos, Texas. The springs are home to several threatened or endangered species, including the Texas blind salamander, fountain darter, and Texas wild rice.
Pursuant to the Edwards Aquifer Habitat Restoration Plan, researchers and volunteers operating out of the Texas State University Meadows Center for Water and the Environment remove non-native species of aquatic vegetation and re-plant native species such as Texas wild rice, resulting in a 53% increase in Texas wild rice since 2015. [7]
Enacted 50 years ago on Dec. 28, 1973, this legislation has played a pivotal role in preserving and protecting hundreds of species.
Wild rice grows naturally in water all over the country, from Connecticut to Texas, though it is most abundant in the Great Lakes region of the Midwest. In fact, it's the official grain of Minnesota!
The endangered species included the Fountain Darter, San Marcos Salamander, San Marcos Gambusia, Texas Blind Salamander, and Texas Wild-rice. The ecosystems for these species depends on water from Comal Springs and San Marcos Springs which have the potential to run dry if too much water is withdrawn from Edwards Aquifer. [76]
The majority of the species were considered endangered in the 1970s and 1980s when they “were in very low numbers or likely already extinct at the time of listing,” the release said.
Manchurian wild rice (Z. latifolia; incorrect synonym: Z. caduciflora) is a perennial native to China. Texas wild rice is in danger of extinction due to loss of suitable habitat in its limited range and to pollution. The pollen of Texas wild rice can only travel about 30 inches away from a parent plant.