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Various techniques for calculating the direction of arrival, such as angle of arrival (AoA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), frequency difference of arrival , or other similar associated techniques. Limitations on the accuracy of estimation of direction of arrival signals in digital antenna arrays are associated with jitter ADC and DAC. [3]
The angle of arrival (AoA) of a signal is the direction from which the signal ... data-driven techniques [2] are powerful tools to estimate AoA, ...
Phase-comparison monopulse is a technique used in radio frequency (RF) applications such as radar and direction finding to accurately estimate the direction of arrival of a signal from the phase difference of the signal measured on two (or more) separated antennas [1] or more typically from displaced phase centers of an array antenna.
Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariant techniques (ESPRIT), is a technique to determine the parameters of a mixture of sinusoids in background noise. This technique was first proposed for frequency estimation. [ 1 ]
In Pisarenko's method, only a single eigenvector is used to form the denominator of the frequency estimation function; and the eigenvector is interpreted as a set of autoregressive coefficients, whose zeros can be found analytically or with polynomial root finding algorithms. In contrast, MUSIC assumes that several such functions have been ...
A radio direction finder (RDF) is a device for finding the direction, or bearing, to a radio source. The act of measuring the direction is known as radio direction finding or sometimes simply direction finding (DF). Using two or more measurements from different locations, the location of an unknown transmitter can be determined; alternately ...
is the estimation of sound source position, is the position where each direction intersect the line with minimum distance, and is the weighted factors. As the weighting factor w n {\displaystyle w_{n}} , we determined use P U {\displaystyle PU} or r {\displaystyle r} from the array to the line with minimum distance.
Frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) or differential Doppler (DD), is a technique analogous to TDOA for estimating the location of a radio emitter based on observations from other points. (It can also be used for estimating one's own position based on observations of multiple emitters).