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Weakness is symmetric, progressive, and proximal (on or close to the torso), usually affecting the hip girdle and shoulder girdle muscles. [1] [3] Hip weakness can manifest as a waddling gate. [1] Shoulder weakness can manifest as winged scapulas. [1] Muscle contractures, especially of the Achilles tendon, and scoliosis can also occur. [1]
The muscle protein, dystrophin, is in most muscle cells and works to strengthen the muscle fibers and protect them from injury as muscles contract and relax. [3] It links the muscle membrane to the thin muscular filaments within the cell. Dystrophin is an integral part of the muscular structure.
The weakness is slowly progressive and preferentially involves the muscles that overlie the humerus bone (biceps and triceps muscles) and those situated on the outside of the lower leg . [12] Later, the muscles that position the scapula can be weakened, completing a pattern that is termed 'scapulohumeroperoneal'.
Its causes are many and can be divided into conditions that have either true or perceived muscle weakness. True muscle weakness is a primary symptom of a variety of skeletal muscle diseases, including muscular dystrophy and inflammatory myopathy. It occurs in neuromuscular junction disorders, such as myasthenia gravis. Muscle weakness can also ...
Explicitly, LGMD preferentially affects muscles of the hip girdle, thigh, shoulder girdle, and/or upper arm. [8] [6] The muscle weakness is generally symmetric. [11] Usually, the hip girdle is the first area to exhibit weakness, [2] manifesting as difficulty walking, going up and/or down stairs, rising from a chair, bending at the waist, or ...
Symptoms are usually weakness of the proximal muscles, neck flexor, and in extreme cases, respiratory muscle weakness can also occur. [1] Corticosteroids have not only been found to cause some degree of muscle atrophy, but also a local or diffuse cell death. These side effects are more common in women than in men, for reasons that are unknown. [6]
Myasthenia or myasthaenia (my- from Greek: μυο meaning "muscle" + -asthenia [ἀσθένεια] meaning "weakness"), or simply muscle weakness, is a lack of muscle strength. The causes are many and can be divided into conditions that have either true or perceived muscle weakness. True muscle weakness is a primary symptom of a variety of ...
DM causes muscle weakness, early onset of cataracts, and myotonia, which is delayed relaxation of muscles after contraction. [5] Cataracts can be either a cortical cataract with a blue dot appearance, or a posterior subcapsular cataract. [6] Other organs affected include the heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, skin, and brain. [5]