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The Duke of Parma also usually held the title of Duke of Guastalla from 1746 (when Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor occupied the Duchy of Guastalla after the last Gonzaga duke died childless) until 1847 (when the territory was ceded to Modena), except for the Napoleonic era, when Napoleon's sister Pauline was briefly Duchess of Guastalla and of ...
Robert I (Italian: Roberto Carlo Luigi Maria) (French: Robert Charles Louis Marie) ; 9 July 1848 – 16 November 1907) was the last sovereign Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1854 until 1859, when the duchy was annexed to Sardinia-Piedmont during the Risorgimento.
The Duke of Parma started feeling the first effects of oedema after the failed siege of Bergen op Zoom. [44] He had to go to the town of Spa to treat his illness for nearly six months. [ 45 ] During this time, the Old Tercio of Lombardy had mutinied and Farnese ordered that it be dissolved. [ 46 ]
The Duchy would thus be inherited by his first son with Elisabeth, Infante Carlos of Spain, who reigned as Duke Charles I of Parma and Piacenza. He ruled his territories for four years until the end of the War of the Polish Succession , when, according to what was established in the Treaty of Vienna (1738) , he handed over both duchies to the ...
The history of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, a former state on the Italian Peninsula whose capital was the city of Parma, begins in 1545 and ends in 1860.. The duchy was established due to nepotism practiced by Pope Paul III and was initially governed by the Farnese family, to which the pontiff belonged.
He was ill-received by his new subjects and within a few months he was ousted by a revolution. He regained control of Parma under the protection of Austrian troops, but finally abdicated in favor of his son Charles III on 14 March 1849. His son was assassinated in 1854 and his grandson Robert I, the last reigning Duke of Parma, was deposed in ...
The House of Farnese (/ f ɑːr ˈ n eɪ z i,-z eɪ /, also US: /-eɪ s i /, [1] [2] Italian: [farˈneːze,-eːse]) was an influential family in Renaissance Italy.The titles of Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Duke of Latera and Duke of Castro were held by various members of the family.
Ferdinand I (Ferdinando Maria Filippo Lodovico Sebastiano Francesco Giacomo; 20 January 1751 – 9 October 1802) was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla from his father's death on 18 July 1765 until he ceded the duchy to France by the Treaty of Aranjuez on 20 March 1801.