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This reaction is exploited in the industrial production of sodium chlorate. An alternative decomposition of hypochlorite produces oxygen instead: 2 OCl − → 2 Cl − + O 2. In hot sodium hypochlorite solutions, this reaction competes with chlorate formation, yielding sodium chloride and oxygen gas: [25] 2 NaOCl(aq) → 2 NaCl(aq) + O 2 (g)
Hypochlorite salts formed by the reaction between chlorine and alkali and alkaline earth metal hydroxides. The reaction is performed at close to room temperature to suppress the formation of chlorates. This process is widely used for the industrial production of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO) 2).
The ion-permeable ion-exchange membrane at the center of the cell allows only the sodium ions (Na +) to pass to the second chamber where they react with the hydroxide ions to produce caustic soda (NaOH) (B in figure): [1] Na + + OH − → NaOH The overall reaction for the electrolysis of brine is thus: 2NaCl + 2 H 2 O → Cl 2 + H 2 + 2NaOH
Small amounts of hydrogen chloride for laboratory use can be generated in an HCl generator by dehydrating hydrochloric acid with either sulfuric acid or anhydrous calcium chloride. Alternatively, HCl can be generated by the reaction of sulfuric acid with sodium chloride: [17] NaCl + H 2 SO 4 → NaHSO 4 + HCl↑. This reaction occurs at room ...
Heat required to initiate this reaction is generated by oxidation of a small amount of iron powder mixed with the sodium chlorate, and the reaction consumes less oxygen than is produced. Barium peroxide (Ba O 2) is used to absorb the chlorine that is a minor product in the decomposition. [10] An ignitor charge is activated by pulling on the ...
As can be seen in the following reaction, 1,2-dichloroethane is cracked: ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl → CH 2 =CHCl + HCl. The HCl from this cracking process is recycled by oxychlorination in order to reduce the consumption of raw material HCl (or Cl 2, if direct chlorination of ethylene is chosen as main way to produce 1,2-dichloroethane). [3]
Oxidation reaction: CeO 2−δ + δ H 2 O → CeO 2 + δ H 2. The reduction occurs when CeO 2, or ceria, is exposed to a inert atmosphere at around 1500 °C to 1600 °C, [15] and hydrogen release occurs at 800 °C during hydrolysis when it is subjected to an atmosphere containing water vapor. One advantage of ceria over iron oxide lies in its ...
Hypochlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cl O H, also written as HClO, HOCl, or ClHO. [2] [3] Its structure is H−O−Cl.It is an acid that forms when chlorine dissolves in water, and itself partially dissociates, forming a hypochlorite anion, ClO −.