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Phenibut is used in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Latvia as a pharmaceutical drug to treat anxiety and to improve sleep (e.g., in the treatment of insomnia). [5] [6] It is also used for various other indications, including the treatment of asthenia, depression, alcoholism, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder, stuttering, tics, vestibular disorders, Ménière's disease ...
Phenibut (Anvifen, Fenibut, Noofen) is an anxiolytic [42] used in Russia. [43] Phenibut is a GABA B receptor agonist , [ 42 ] as well as an antagonist at α 2 δ subunit -containing voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), similarly to gabapentinoids like gabapentin and pregabalin . [ 44 ]
The drug is a GABA analogue and is closely related to baclofen (β-(4-chlorophenyl)-GABA), tolibut (β-(4-methylphenyl)-GABA), and phenibut (β-phenyl-GABA). [1] It is less potent as a GABA B receptor agonist than baclofen but more potent than phenibut.
Phenibut (β-phenyl-GABA) – sedative and anxiolytic from Russia; inhibitor of α 2 δ subunit-containing VGCCs and, to a lesser extent, GABA B receptor agonist. Baclofen (β-(4-chlorophenyl)-GABA) – antispasmodic drug; potent GABA B receptor agonist, weak inhibitor of α 2 δ subunit-containing VGCCs
An assortment of several designer drugs. Designer drugs are structural or functional analogues of controlled substances that are designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the parent drug while avoiding detection or classification as illegal.
Phenibut, marketed under the brand names Anvifen, Fenibut, and Noofen, was introduced in Russia in the 1960s for the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and a variety of other conditions. [28] [55] It was not discovered to act as a very weak (3.5 orders of magnitude less potent) gabapentinoid until 2015. [9]
N-Phenylacetyl-l-prolylglycine ethyl ester is promoted as a nootropic and is a prodrug of cyclic glycine-proline. [a] [2] Other names include the brand name Noopept (Russian: Ноопепт), developmental code GVS-111, and proposed INN omberacetam.
Glufimet (developmental code name RGPU-238), also known as dimethyl 3-phenylglutamate hydrochloride, is a derivative of glutamic acid (glutamate) which was developed in Russia and is related to the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative phenibut (3-phenyl-GABA).