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  2. Manifold vacuum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifold_vacuum

    Manifold vacuum, or engine vacuum in a petrol engine is the difference in air pressure between the engine's intake manifold and Earth's atmosphere. Manifold vacuum is an effect of a piston's movement on the induction stroke and the airflow through a throttle in the intake manifold of an engine. It is a measure of the amount of restriction of ...

  3. Naturally aspirated engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturally_aspirated_engine

    Typical airflow in a four-stroke engine: In stroke #1, the pistons suck in (aspirate) air to the combustion chamber through the opened inlet valve.. A naturally aspirated engine, also known as a normally aspirated engine, and abbreviated to N/A or NA, is an internal combustion engine in which air intake depends solely on atmospheric pressure and does not have forced induction through a ...

  4. Inlet manifold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold

    Carburetors used as intake runners A cutaway view of the intake of the original Fordson tractor (including the intake manifold, vaporizer, carburetor, and fuel lines). An inlet manifold or intake manifold (in American English) is the part of an internal combustion engine that supplies the fuel/air mixture to the cylinders. [1]

  5. Flow distribution in manifolds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_distribution_in_manifolds

    The flow in manifolds is extensively encountered in many industrial processes when it is necessary to distribute a large fluid stream into several parallel streams, or to collect them into one discharge stream, such as in fuel cells, heat exchangers, radial flow reactors, hydronics, fire protection, and irrigation. Manifolds can usually be ...

  6. Water injection (engine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_injection_(engine)

    Bosch has heritage of water injection MW50 design in the past with Daimler-Benz DB 605. Today the manufacture claims up to 5% increase in engine performance, up to 4% decrease in CO 2 emissions and up to 13% improvement in fuel economy. [13] Similar results were reported in "Water Injection - High Power and High Efficiency combined" [14]

  7. Exhaust gas recirculation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation

    The exhaust gas contains water vapor and carbon dioxide which both have lower heat capacity ratio than air. Adding exhaust gas therefore reduces pressure and temperature during the isentropic compression in the cylinder, thereby lowering the adiabatic flame temperature .

  8. Internal combustion engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine

    Forced induction is the process of delivering compressed air to the intake of an internal combustion engine. A forced induction engine uses a gas compressor to increase the pressure, temperature and density of the air. An engine without forced induction is considered a naturally aspirated engine.

  9. Variable-length intake manifold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Variable-length_intake_manifold

    However, this effect occurs only over a narrow engine speed band. A variable intake can create two or more pressurized "hot spots", increasing engine output. When the intake air speed is higher, the dynamic pressure pushing the air (and/or mixture) inside the engine is increased.