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Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a halocarbon with the formula C 2 HCl 3, commonly used as an industrial metal degreasing solvent. It is a clear, colourless, non-flammable, volatile liquid with a chloroform -like pleasant mild smell [ 3 ] and sweet taste. [ 9 ]
Chloroacetic acid is mainly made by hydrolysing trichloroethylene in the presence of sulfuric acid: CCl 2 =CHCl + 2 H 2 O → CH 2 ClCOOH + 2 HCl; Dichloroacetic acid is manufactured in small quantities by reducing trichloroacetic acid. Trichloroacetic acid is made by directly reacting chlorine with acetic acid using a suitable catalyst.
When 1,2-dichloroethane is heated to 400 °C with chlorine, tetrachloroethylene is produced: ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl + 3 Cl 2 → Cl 2 C=CCl 2 + 4 HCl. This reaction can be catalyzed by a mixture of potassium chloride and aluminium chloride or by activated carbon. Trichloroethylene is a major byproduct, which is separated by distillation.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane is an excellent solvent for many organic compounds and also one of the least toxic of the chlorinated hydrocarbons.It is generally considered non-polar, but owing to the good polarizability of the chlorine atoms, it is a superior solvent for organic compounds that do not dissolve well in hydrocarbons such as hexane.
However, the presence of chlorine in an organic compound does not ensure toxicity. Some organochlorides are considered safe enough for consumption in foods and medicines. For example, peas and broad beans contain the natural chlorinated plant hormone 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid (4-Cl-IAA); [ 16 ] [ 17 ] and the sweetener sucralose (Splenda) is ...
People with Type O blood may be more susceptible to norovirus. ... good hygiene practices, like washing your hands with warm water for at least 20 seconds and disinfecting surfaces with a chlorine ...
Pentachloroethane can be obtained by chlorination of trichloroethylene and ethylene-catalysed chlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane. [3] Pentachloroethane can also be obtained by the reaction of acetylene and chlorine, catalysed by aluminium chloride and antimony trichloride. [4] It can be made as a byproduct of tetrachloroethylene production.
It is prepared by the reaction of chlorine with acetic acid in the presence of a suitable catalyst such as red phosphorus. This reaction is Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky halogenation. CH 3 COOH + 3 Cl 2 → CCl 3 COOH + 3 HCl. Another route to trichloroacetic acid is the oxidation of trichloroacetaldehyde.