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Recall and recognition tests have different performance rates for different types of tests because they involve different levels of processing (LOP). [42] Recall tests require one to generate the information in its entirety, a deeper LOP, while recognition tests require one to determine if a stimulus has been previously presented, a shallow LOP ...
Recency effects are seen more with auditory stimuli rather than verbal stimuli as auditory presentation seems to protect the end of lists from output interference. [25] 3. Transposition gradients Transposition gradients refer to the fact that recall tends to be better to recognize what an item is rather than the order of items in a sequence. 4.
Although recognition of previously-studied words through a recognition memory test, in which the words are re-presented for a memory judgment, generally yields a greater response probability than the recall of previously studied words through a recall test, in which the words must be mentally retrieved from memory, Tulving found that this ...
Despite some doubting knowledge transfer across a topic when testing [35] with some studies showing contradictory evidence [36] suggesting recognition was better than recall, [37] inferential thinking has been supported [38] and the transfer of learning is at its strongest with application of theory to practice, inference questions, medical ...
The generation effect has been found in studies using free recall, cued recall, and recognition tests. [3] In one study, the subject was provided with a stimulus word, the first letter of the response, and a word relating the two. For example, with the rule of the opposite, the stimulus word "hot", and the letter "c", the word cold would be ...
Paired-Associate Judgment of Learning: These judgments are made at the time of study on cue-target pairs and are responsible for predicting later memory performance (on cued recall or cued recognition). One example of paired-associate JOLs is the cue-target JOL, where the subject determines the retrievability of the target when both the cue and ...
In addition to the linear serial recall learning curve, it was found that more words are forgotten when recall is free than when it is serial. This study also supported the notion that the difference between the types of recall depends on the order in which the learner must recall the items, and not on the order in which the items are presented.
Specificity of processing describes the increased recall value of a stimulus when presented in the method with which it was inputted. For example, auditory stimuli (spoken words and sounds) have the highest recall value when spoken, and visual stimuli have the highest recall value when a subject is presented with images. [6]