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Cyanide is quantified by potentiometric titration, a method widely used in gold mining. It can also be determined by titration with silver ion. Some analyses begin with an air-purge of an acidified boiling solution, sweeping the vapors into a basic absorber solution. The cyanide salt absorbed in the basic solution is then analyzed. [47]
As an example, the cyanide (CN) radical shown below is a type (a) radical that has ten bonding electrons, while the cyanogen molecule (a dimeric combination of two CN radicals) has 14 bonding electrons. (a) The top shows both the dot-and-cross diagram and the simplified diagram of the LDQ structure of the CN radical.
In aqueous solution, KCN is dissociated into hydrated potassium (K +) ions and cyanide (CN −) ions. As a solid, KCN has structure resembling sodium chloride: with each potassium ion surrounded by six cyanide ions, and vice versa. Despite being diatomic, and thus less symmetric than chloride, the cyanide ions rotate so rapidly that their time ...
The canonical umpolung reagent is the cyanide ion. The cyanide ion is unusual in that a carbon triply bonded to a nitrogen would be expected to have a (+) polarity due to the higher electronegativity of the nitrogen atom. Yet, the negative charge of the cyanide ion is localized on the carbon, giving it a (-) formal charge.
The cyanate ion is an ambidentate ligand, forming complexes with a metal ion in which either the nitrogen or oxygen atom may be the electron-pair donor. It can also act as a bridging ligand . Compounds that contain the cyanate functional group , −O−C≡N, are known as cyanates or cyanate esters .
Sodium cyanide is a compound with the formula Na C N and the structure Na + − C≡N.It is a white, water-soluble solid. Cyanide has a high affinity for metals, which leads to the high toxicity of this salt.
Cyanide is a highly basic and small ligand, hence it readily saturates the coordination sphere of metal ions. The resulting cyanometallate anions are often used as building blocks for more complex structures called coordination polymers , the best known example of which is Prussian blue , a common dyestuff.
Zinc cyanide is the inorganic compound with the formula Zn 2. It is a white solid that is used mainly for electroplating zinc but also has more specialized applications for the synthesis of organic compounds .