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This page contains examples of various types of inline citations. Variations on all of the examples included here exist throughout Wikipedia. As of July 2009, Wikipedia's guideline on citation styles includes the following guidance: All citation techniques require detailed full citations to be provided for each source used.
The citation link will point to the first Harvard reference in the References section that matches both the author(s) and publication date (see examples below). Both the in-text citations and the references at the bottom of the page have format rules. For a full description of their format with examples, see Harvard referencing.
Inline parenthetical referencing is a citation system in which in-text citations are made using parentheses. Various formats are seen, e.g., (Author, date) or (Author, date:page) , etc. Such citations are normally typed in plain text and appear before punctuation.
In the author–date method (Harvard referencing), [4] the in-text citation is placed in parentheses after the sentence or part thereof that the citation supports. The citation includes the author's name, year of publication, and page number(s) when a specific part of the source is referred to (Smith 2008, p. 1) or (Smith 2008:1).
A general reference is a citation to a reliable source that supports content, but is not linked to any particular text in the article through an inline citation. General references are usually listed at the end of the article in a "References" section, and are usually sorted by the last name of the author or the editor.
Template harvtxt creates a short author–date citation with a one-directional link to the first matching citation template on the same page. {{}} is designed to be used to create shortened footnotes, a citation style which pairs a short, author-date citation in a footnote with a complete citation in the references section at the end of the article (see example below).
Parenthetical referencing, also known as Harvard referencing, has full or partial, in-text, citations enclosed in circular brackets and embedded in the paragraph. [16] An example of a parenthetical reference: "The five stages of grief are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance" (Kübler-Ross, 1969, pp. 45–60).
The easiest way to start citing on Wikipedia is to see a basic example. The example here will show you how to cite a newspaper article using the {} template (see Citation quick reference for other types of citations). Copy and paste the following immediately after what you want to reference: