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Liquid nitrogen is a compact and readily transported source of dry nitrogen gas, as it does not require pressurization. Further, its ability to maintain temperatures far below the freezing point of water, specific heat of 1040 J ⋅kg -1 ⋅K -1 and heat of vaporization of 200 kJ⋅kg -1 makes it extremely useful in a wide range of applications ...
For example, in 2012, a young woman in England had to have her stomach removed after ingesting a cocktail made with liquid nitrogen. [109] Because the liquid-to-gas expansion ratio of nitrogen is 1:694 at 20 °C, a tremendous amount of force can be generated if liquid nitrogen is rapidly vaporised in an enclosed space. In an incident on January ...
Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless, and relatively inert diatomic gas with a density of 1.251 × 10 −3 g/cm 3 (marginally heavier than air). It condenses to a colourless liquid at −195.795 °C and freezes into an ice- or snow-like solid at −210.00 °C.
About 99% of the Earth's atmosphere is composed of two species of diatomic molecules: nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). The natural abundance of hydrogen (H 2 ) in the Earth's atmosphere is only of the order of parts per million, but H 2 is the most abundant diatomic molecule in the universe.
Liquid nitrogen is a commonly used cryogenic liquid. [12] Nitrogen in the form of ammonia is a nutrient critical to most plants' survival. [12] Synthesis of ammonia accounts for about 1–2% of the world's energy consumption and the majority of reduced nitrogen in food. Phosphorus is used in matches and incendiary bombs. [12]
The bond order of diatomic nitrogen is three, and it is a diamagnetic molecule. [12] The bond order for dinitrogen (1σ g 2 1σ u 2 2σ g 2 2σ u 2 1π u 4 3σ g 2) is three because two electrons are now also added in the 3σ MO. The MO diagram correlates with the experimental photoelectron spectrum for nitrogen. [19]
At the same temperature, a column of dry air will be denser or heavier than a column of air containing any water vapor, the molar mass of diatomic nitrogen and diatomic oxygen both being greater than the molar mass of water. Thus, any volume of dry air will sink if placed in a larger volume of moist air.
Although it is not a nitrogen hydride, hydroxylamine (NH 2 OH) is similar in properties and structure to ammonia and hydrazine as well. Hydrazine is a fuming, colourless liquid that smells similarly to ammonia. Its physical properties are very similar to those of water (melting point 2.0 °C, boiling point 113.5 °C, density 1.00 g/cm 3 ...