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Blood alcohol content (BAC), also called blood alcohol concentration or blood alcohol level, is a measurement of alcohol intoxication used for legal or medical purposes. [1] BAC is expressed as mass of alcohol per volume of blood. In US and many international publications, BAC levels are written as a percentage such as 0.08%, i.e. there is 0.8 ...
Map of Europe showing countries' blood alcohol limits (the "drink-drive" limit) as defined in g/dl (grams per decilitre). A decilitre is 100 millilitres, or one tenth of a litre. 10 mg/100ml is 0.1g/l is 0.01 g/dl. Figures for a fully qualified driver – some countries enforce lower limits for newly qualified and/or professional drivers.
Acid–base and blood gases are among the few blood constituents that exhibit substantial difference between arterial and venous values. [6] Still, pH, bicarbonate and base excess show a high level of inter-method reliability between arterial and venous tests, so arterial and venous values are roughly equivalent for these.
It is based on the average rate at which someone can reduce blood alcohol concentration level, which is by 0.015 each hour (0.015 grams per 100 milliliters per hour).
The osmol gap is typically calculated with the following formula (all values in mmol/L): = = ([+] + [] + []) In non-SI laboratory units: Calculated osmolality = 2 x [Na mmol/L] + [glucose mg/dL] / 18 + [BUN mg/dL] / 2.8 + [ethanol/3.7] [3] (note: the values 18 and 2.8 convert mg/dL into mmol/L; the molecular weight of ethanol is 46, but empiric data shows that it does not act as an ideal ...
Promille and permille are likely best known as shorthand terms for Blood Alcohol Concentration, where 1 promille corresponds to 1 gram of alcohol per liter of blood. [8] Promille is used in the legal limits of blood-alcohol content for driving a road vehicle in some countries: for example: 0.5‰ or 0.8‰. [9]
In jurisdictions in the U.S., maximum blood alcohol levels for legal driving are about 17 to 22 mM. [ 67 ] [ 68 ] In the upper range of recreational ethanol concentrations of 20 to 50 mM, depression of the central nervous system is more marked, with effects including complete drunkenness, profound sedation, amnesia, emesis, hypnosis, and ...
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