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Note that all parameters default to the current date, so for example, the second set of parameters can be left out to calculate elapsed time since a past date: {{Age in years, months, weeks and days |month1 = 1 |day1 = 1 |year1 = 1 }} → 2023 years, 11 months, 2 weeks and 6 days
The present value formula is the core formula for the time value of money; each of the other formulas is derived from this formula. For example, the annuity formula is the sum of a series of present value calculations. The present value (PV) formula has four variables, each of which can be solved for by numerical methods:
Future value is the value of an asset at a specific date. [1] It measures the nominal future sum of money that a given sum of money is "worth" at a specified time in the future assuming a certain interest rate, or more generally, rate of return; it is the present value multiplied by the accumulation function. [2]
The formula we’re about to share isn’t the actual treasure; it’s only the key. You could call it the “cash flow” formula. Here’s how it goes: Income minus Expenses minus Debt = Cash Flow.
Equivalently C is the periodic loan repayment for a loan of PV extending over n periods at interest rate, i. The formula is valid (for positive n, i) for ni≤3. For completeness, for ni≥3 the approximation is . The formula can, under some circumstances, reduce the calculation to one of mental arithmetic alone.
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The NPV formula accounts for cash flow timing patterns and size differences for each project, and provides an easy, unambiguous dollar value comparison of different investment options. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] The NPV can be easily calculated using modern spreadsheets, under the assumption that the discount rate and future cash flows are known.
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