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Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H 2 N)(HN)CN(H)(CH 2) 3 CH(NH 2)CO 2 H. The molecule features a guanidino group appended to a standard amino acid framework. At physiological pH, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (−CO 2 −) and both the amino and guanidino groups are protonated, resulting in a cation.
Agmatine Metabolic Pathways. Agmatine is a cationic amine formed by decarboxylation of L-arginine by the mitochondrial enzyme arginine decarboxylase (ADC). [8] Agmatine degradation occurs mainly by hydrolysis, catalyzed by agmatinase into urea and putrescine, the diamine precursor of polyamine biosynthesis. [9]
The roles of L-ornithine and L-arginine was confirmed by Edward Leete. [2] Ornithine then undergoes a PLP-dependent decarboxylation to form putrescine. In animals, however, the urea cycle derives putrescine from ornithine. L-Ornithine is converted to L-arginine, [3] which is then decarboxylated via PLP to form agmatine.
The biosynthesis begins with L-Glutamine, which is derived to L-ornithine in plants. The major contribution of L-ornithine and L-arginine as a precursor to the tropane ring was confirmed by Edward Leete. [147] Ornithine then undergoes a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent decarboxylation to form putrescine. In some animals, the urea cycle derives ...
2628 67092 Ensembl ENSG00000171766 ENSMUSG00000027199 UniProt P50440 Q9D964 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001482 NM_001321015 NM_025961 RefSeq (protein) NP_001307944 NP_001473 NP_080237 Location (UCSC) Chr 15: 45.36 – 45.4 Mb Chr 2: 122.42 – 122.44 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GATM gene ...
Methylated arginine is a modified version of arginine that is commonly formed from protein arginine (arginine incorporated in protein). Asymmetrically methylated forms of arginine are toxic when released during protein turnover. The protein detoxification pathway eliminates free methylated-arginine derivatives from the cell.