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Phenotypic differences between sexes are evident even in cultured cells from tissues. [132] For example, female muscle-derived stem cells have a better muscle regeneration efficiency than male ones. [133] There are reports of several metabolic differences between male and female cells [134] and they also respond to stress differently. [135]
In the English language, many animals have different names depending on whether they are male, female, young, domesticated, or in groups. The best-known source of many English words used for collective groupings of animals is The Book of Saint Albans, an essay on hunting published in 1486 and attributed to Juliana Berners. [1]
However, such sex differences are primarily limited to the anthropoid primates; most of the strepsirrhine primates (lemurs and lorises) and tarsiers are monomorphic. [2] Sexual dimorphism can manifest itself in many different forms. In male and female primates there are obvious physical difference such as body size or canine size.
Garden snails mating. A hermaphrodite (/ h ər ˈ m æ f r ə ˌ d aɪ t /) is a sexually reproducing organism that produces both male and female gametes. [1] Animal species in which individuals are either male or female are gonochoric, which is the opposite of hermaphroditic.
The male and female are the only sexually mature fish to reproduce. Clownfish are protandrous hermaphrodites, which means after they mature into males, they eventually can transform into females. They develop undifferentiated until they are needed to fill a certain role in their environment, i.e., if they receive the social and environmental ...
A gynandromorph can have bilateral symmetry—one side female and one side male. [24] Alternatively, the distribution of male and female tissue can be more haphazard. Bilateral gynandromorphy arises very early in development, typically when the organism has between 8 and 64 cells. [25] Later stages produce a more random pattern. [citation needed]
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A male European badger is a boar, a female is a sow, and a young badger is a cub. However, in North America the young are usually called kits, while the terms male and female are generally used for adults. A collective name suggested for a group of colonial badgers is a cete, [10] but badger colonies are more often called clans. A badger's home ...