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For most users the key measurement is the velocity at which no bullets will penetrate the armor. Measuring this zero penetration velocity (v 0) must take into account variability in armor performance and test variability. Ballistic testing has a number of sources of variability: the armor, test backing materials, bullet, casing, powder, primer ...
Penetration of the hollow-point would be less than half that of a similar nonexpanding bullet, and the resulting wound or permanent cavity would be much wider. It might seem that if the whole purpose of a maximum disruption round is to expand to a larger diameter, it would make more sense to start out with the desired diameter rather than ...
Stopping power is the ability of a weapon – typically a ranged weapon such as a firearm – to cause a target (human or animal) to be incapacitated or immobilized. Stopping power contrasts with lethality in that it pertains only to a weapon's ability to make the target cease action, regardless of whether or not death ultimately occurs.
The ammunition may also be called semi-armor-piercing high-explosive incendiary (SAPHEI). [1] Typical of a modern HEIAP shell is the Raufoss Mk 211 [2] designed for weapons such as heavy machine guns and anti-materiel rifles. The primary purpose of these munitions is armor penetration with better beyond-armor effects. [3]
The total penetration value may reach up to 800 millimetres (31 in). [14] Some anti-armor weapons incorporate a variant on the shaped charge concept that, depending on the source, can be called an explosively formed penetrator (EFP), self-forging fragment (SFF), self-forging projectile (SEFOP), plate charge, or Misnay Schardin (MS) charge. This ...
Armor penetration: 2 inches (51 millimetres). [38] of steel armor at 0-degree obliquity Inflict personnel casualties: 15 meters from impact [39] M430A1: Has a longer shaped charge than the M430 and penetrates more armor. Armor penetration: 3 inches (76 millimetres). [38]
However, their inventor Kopsch said in a 1990 interview that "adding a Teflon coating to the round added 20% penetration power on metal and glass. Critics kept complaining about Teflon's ability to penetrate body armor [...] In fact, Teflon cut down on the round's ability to cut through the nylon or Kevlar of body armor." [2]
The principle of the kinetic energy penetrator is that it uses its kinetic energy, which is a function of its mass and velocity, to force its way through armor. If the armor is defeated, the heat and spalling (particle spray) generated by the penetrator going through the armor, and the pressure wave that develops, ideally destroys the target.