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With n, x, y, z ∈ N (meaning that n, x, y, z are all positive whole numbers) and n > 2, the equation x n + y n = z n has no solutions. Most popular treatments of the subject state it this way. It is also commonly stated over Z: [16] Equivalent statement 1: x n + y n = z n, where integer n ≥ 3, has no non-trivial solutions x, y, z ∈ Z.
The proof assumes a solution (x, y, z) to the equation x 3 + y 3 + z 3 = 0, where the three non-zero integers x, y, and z are pairwise coprime and not all positive. One of the three must be even, whereas the other two are odd. Without loss of generality, z may be assumed to be even.
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
One of the widely used types of impossibility proof is proof by contradiction.In this type of proof, it is shown that if a proposition, such as a solution to a particular class of equations, is assumed to hold, then via deduction two mutually contradictory things can be shown to hold, such as a number being both even and odd or both negative and positive.
In mathematics, a proof by infinite descent, also known as Fermat's method of descent, is a particular kind of proof by contradiction [1] used to show that a statement cannot possibly hold for any number, by showing that if the statement were to hold for a number, then the same would be true for a smaller number, leading to an infinite descent and ultimately a contradiction. [2]
Therefore, the solution = is extraneous and not valid, and the original equation has no solution. For this specific example, it could be recognized that (for the value x = − 2 {\displaystyle x=-2} ), the operation of multiplying by ( x − 2 ) ( x + 2 ) {\displaystyle (x-2)(x+2)} would be a multiplication by zero.
In mathematics, particularly in algebra, an indeterminate equation is an equation for which there is more than one solution. [1] For example, the equation a x + b y = c {\displaystyle ax+by=c} is a simple indeterminate equation, as is x 2 = 1 {\displaystyle x^{2}=1} .
The equation + = has no solutions in positive integers and pairwise coprime integers A, B, C if x, y, z > 2. The conjecture was formulated in 1993 by Andrew Beal , a banker and amateur mathematician , while investigating generalizations of Fermat's Last Theorem .