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Chest pain is pain or discomfort in the chest, typically the front of the chest. [1] It may be described as sharp, dull, pressure, heaviness or squeezing. [ 3 ] Associated symptoms may include pain in the shoulder, arm, upper abdomen , or jaw, along with nausea , sweating, or shortness of breath .
Decreased chest–chest movement on the affected side; An increased jugular venous pressure, indicating possible right heart failure [5] The anterior and posterior chest wall are also inspected for any abnormalities, which may include: Kyphosis, abnormal anterior-posterior curvature of the spine [6] Scoliosis, abnormal lateral curvature of the ...
A patient's self-reported pain is so critical in the pain assessment method that it has been described as the "most valid measure" of pain. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The focus on patient report of pain is an essential aspect of any pain scale, but there are additional features that should be included in a pain scale.
Where is the pain? Or the maximal site of the pain. O Onset When did the pain start, and was it sudden or gradual? Include also whether it is progressive or regressive. C Character What is the pain like? An ache? Stabbing? R Radiation: Does the pain radiate anywhere? A Associations Any other signs or symptoms associated with the pain? T Time course
Central stimuli should always be used when attempting to assess if the patient is localising to pain (i.e. moving their arms to the site where the pain is being applied), [3] however it has been suggested that central stimuli are less suitable for the assessment of eye opening, compared to peripheral stimuli, as they can cause grimacing. [4]
This may also be assessed for pain now, compared to pain at time of onset, or pain on movement. There are alternative assessment methods for pain, which can be used where a patient is unable to vocalise a score. One such method is the Wong-Baker faces pain scale. Time (history)
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The Joint Commission began setting standards for pain assessment in 2001 stating that the route of analgesic administration dictates the times for pain reassessment, as different routes require different amounts of time for the medication to have a therapeutic effect. Oral: 45–69 minutes. Intramuscular: 30 minutes.