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Islam is the most common religion in Sudan and Muslims have dominated national government institutions since independence in 1956. According to UNDP Sudan, the Muslim population is 97%, [ 1 ] including numerous Arab and non-Arab groups.
The dominant religion in Sudan is Islam practiced by around 90.7% of the nation's population. Christianity is the largest minority faith in country accounting for around 5.4% of the population. [ 2 ] A substantial population of the adherents of traditional faiths is also present.
– Sudan; Spencer Trimingham, History of Islam in West Africa. Oxford University Press, 1962. Nehemia Levtzion and Randall L. Pouwels (eds). The History of Islam in Africa. Ohio University Press, 2000. David Robinson. Muslim Societies in African History. Cambridge University Press, 2004. Bruce S. Hall, A History of Race in Muslim West Africa ...
Islam was Sudan's state religion and Islamic laws were applied from 1983 until 2020 when the country became a secular state. [34] Sudan is a least developed country and among the poorest countries in the world, [37] ranking 170th on the Human Development Index as of 2024 and 185th by nominal GDP per capita.
The use of Sharia in Sudan ended in September 2020, when Sudan officially became a secular state after Sudan's transitional government agreed to separate religion from the state, ending 30 years of Islamic rule and Islam as the official state religion in the North African nation. [82] [83] [84] It also scrapped the apostasy law and public ...
Most Sudanese Muslims are of the Sunni branch of Islam. [22] Sunni Islam in Sudan is not marked by a uniform body of belief and practice, however. Some Muslims opposed aspects of Sunni orthodoxy, and rites having a non-Islamic origin were widespread, being accepted as if they were integral to Islam, or sometimes being recognized as separate.
The 2019 transitional constitution of Sudan guarantees freedom of religion and omits reference to sharia as a source of law, unlike the 2005 constitution of Sudan's deposed president Omar al-Bashir whose government had criminalized apostasy and blasphemy against Islam.
The Naivasha Agreement technically protects non-Muslims in the north. Some interpretations of Muslim law in Sudan refuse to recognize conversions out of Islam, considering apostacy a crime, and refuse to recognize marriages to non-Muslims. [25] In 2014, there was controversy over the planned execution of Maryam Yaḥyā Ibrahīm Isḥaq for ...