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Osteogenesis imperfecta (IPA: / ˌ ɒ s t i oʊ ˈ dʒ ɛ n ə s ɪ s ˌ ɪ m p ɜːr ˈ f ɛ k t ə /; [4] OI), colloquially known as brittle bone disease, is a group of genetic disorders that all result in bones that break easily.
The most important risk factors for osteoporosis are advanced age (in both men and women) and female sex; estrogen deficiency following menopause or surgical removal of the ovaries is correlated with a rapid reduction in bone mineral density, while in men, a decrease in testosterone levels has a comparable (but less pronounced) effect. [33] [34]
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), women over 50 are at a higher risk for osteoarthritis. This age is around the time that menopause happens .
A scanner used to measure bone density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone density, or bone mineral density, is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.The concept is of mass of mineral per volume of bone (relating to density in the physics sense), although clinically it is measured by proxy according to optical density per square centimetre of bone surface upon imaging. [1]
Gaelynn Lea was born with osteogenesis imperfecta, a genetic condition that causes complications in the development of bones and limbs.Lea became impassioned by classical music from an early age, and in fourth grade a teacher took notice and encouraged Lea to pursue music after she had the class's only perfect score on a music listening test. [1]
Age: bone density peaks at age 35, and then decreases. Bone density loss occurs in both men and women [7] Ethnicity: European and Asian people have increased risk [8] Sex: women are at higher risk, particularly those with early menopause; Family history: low bone mass in the family increases risk
The genetics of Bruck syndrome differs from osteogenesis imperfecta. Osteogenesis imperfecta usually involves autosomal dominant mutations to COL1A1 or COL1A2 which encode type 1 procollagen. [ 6 ] Bruck syndrome is linked to mutations in two genes, and therefore is divided in two types.
Achondroplasia is one of several congenital conditions with similar presentations, such as osteogenesis imperfecta, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia tarda, achondrogenesis, osteopetrosis, and thanatophoric dysplasia. This makes estimates of prevalence difficult, with changing and subjective diagnostic criteria over time.