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A courtship display is a set of display behaviors in which an animal, usually a male, attempts to attract a mate; the mate exercises choice, so sexual selection acts on the display. These behaviors often include ritualized movement (" dances "), vocalizations , mechanical sound production, or displays of beauty, strength, or agonistic ability .
Courtship behavior of non-heterosexual individuals does not always reflect their self-ascribed sexual orientation. Some of them recognized from early age that they are attracted to the same sex or both / all sexes , but may initially adhere to heterosexual norms in their courtship behaviors.
One example of fixed action patterns is the courtship and aggression behaviours of the male stickleback, particularly the three-spined stickleback, during mating season, described in a series of studies by Niko Tinbergen. [4] [12] During the spring mating season, male sticklebacks' ventrum turns red and they establish a territory to build a ...
There is experimental evidence that implies the female may also release pheromones that attract the male; this is an instance of chemical display behaviour that plays a large role in animal communication. [5] Auditory courtship behavior is seen in fruit flies like A. suspensa when they perform calling and pre-copulatory songs before mating ...
Mating dances, the songs of males to attract females or the mutual grooming of pairs, are all examples of typical courtship behavior that allows both recognition and reproductive isolation. This is because each of the stages of courtship depend on the behavior of the partner.
Examples of intraspecific sexual mimicry in animals include the spotted hyena, certain types of fish, passerine birds and some species of insect. Interspecific sexual mimicry can also occur in some plant species, especially orchids. In plants employing sexual mimicry, flowers mimic mating signals of their pollinator insects.
Pygmy swordtail Xiphophorus multilineatus males offer another example of alternative mating strategies. Some males mature later at a larger size and always use courtship behaviour, while other males mature early at a smaller size, sometimes using courtship behaviour when alone with a female, but more often using sneaky behaviour.
This behavior is an example of a mating ritual, because it is used to attract mates and raise their young. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] It is assumed that the nest is important in female choice , however, there are no definitive factors known to influence the females’ choice. [ 10 ]