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Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. [5] This includes use as an eye ointment to treat conjunctivitis . [ 6 ] By mouth or by injection into a vein , it is used to treat meningitis , plague , cholera , and typhoid fever . [ 5 ]
This antibiotic is not recommended for children and 75 and up of age: Inactivates enolpyruvyl transferase, thereby blocking cell wall synthesis Fusidic acid: Fucidin: Metronidazole: Flagyl: Infections caused by anaerobic bacteria; also amoebiasis, trichomoniasis, giardiasis: Discolored urine, headache, metallic taste, nausea; alcohol is ...
If the infection is of bacterial origin, the most common three causative agents are Streptococcus pneumoniae (38%), Haemophilus influenzae (36%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (16%). [38] [39] Until recently, H. influenzae was the most common bacterial agent to cause sinus infections.
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Unacceptably high risk of irreversible, fatal aplastic anemia and gray baby syndrome causes intravenous chloramphenicol to be a drug of last resort. [5] Colistin — used against certain life-threatening infections, such as those caused by Pseudomonas; carries risk of kidney and nerve damage.
Ceftolozane is an option for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections. It is combined with the β-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam , as multi-drug resistant bacterial infections will generally show resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics unless this enzyme is inhibited.
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics have low propensity to induce bacterial resistance and are less likely to disrupt the microbiome (normal microflora). [3] On the other hand, indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may not only induce the development of bacterial resistance and promote the emergency of multidrug-resistant organisms, but also cause off-target effects due to dysbiosis.
An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of such infections. [1] [2] They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.