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The history of Champa begins in prehistory with the migration of the ancestors of the Cham people to mainland Southeast Asia and the founding of their Indianized maritime kingdom based in what is now central Vietnam in the early centuries AD, and ends when the final vestiges of the kingdom were annexed and absorbed by Vietnam in 1832.
Throughout history, Champa and the Cham were viewed by premodern Vietnamese literati and upper-class aristocrats as barbaric, uncivilized, and often described in disgusting senses, with several Vietnamese rulers pushed assimilationist policies and attempts to eradicate the Cham culture rather than incorporating it into Vietnamese. [228] [229] [230]
Lâm Ấp (Vietnamese pronunciation of Middle Chinese 林邑 *liɪm ʔˠiɪp̚, standard Chinese: Línyì) was a kingdom located in central Vietnam that existed from around 192 AD to 629 AD in what is today central Vietnam, and was one of the earliest recorded Champa kingdoms.
Compared to the more rigid literature of the Spanish era, the American period saw the popularity of the "free verse" in the Philippines, allowing for flexible poetry, prose, and other wordcraft. [8] The introduction of the English language was also of equal importance, as it became one of the most common languages that Filipino writers would ...
The site at Sa Huỳnh was discovered in 1909. Sa Huỳnh sites were rich in locally worked iron artefacts, typified by axes, swords, spearheads, knives and sickles.In contrast, bronze artifacts were dominant in the Đông Sơn culture sites found in northern Vietnam and elsewhere in mainland Southeast Asia.
The Laguna Copperplate Inscription (LCI) is the earliest record of a Philippine language and the presence of writing in the islands. [10] The document measures around 20 cm by 30 cm and is inscribed with ten lines of writing on one side.
Vietnamese victory, Cham king fled to Java, annexation of Champa by Đại Việt. [22] 13 Cham–Vietnamese War (1326) Chế A Nan revolted and regained independence of Champa from Đại Việt. [23] [24] 14 Cham–Vietnamese War (1353) Failed Vietnamese (Đại Việt) seaborne attempt to reinstate Vietnamese influence in Champa. [24] 15
The history of the Philippines dates from the earliest hominin activity in the archipelago at least by 709,000 years ago. [1] Homo luzonensis, a species of archaic humans, was present on the island of Luzon [2] [3] at least by 134,000 years ago. [4] The earliest known anatomically modern human was from Tabon Caves in Palawan dating about 47,000 ...