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Spina bifida (SB; / ˈ s p aɪ n ə ˈ b ɪ f ɪ d ə /; [9] Latin for 'split spine') [10] is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. [1] There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele and myelomeningocele. [1]
Spina bifida cystica includes meningocele and myelomeningocele. Meningocele is less severe and is characterized by herniation of the meninges, but not the spinal cord, through the opening in the spinal canal. Myelomeningocele involves herniation of the meninges as well as the spinal cord through the opening. [19] Spina bifida occulta means ...
The MOMS Trial was a clinical trial that studied treatment of a birth defect called myelomeningocele, which is the most severe form of spina bifida. The study looked at prenatal (before birth) and postnatal (after birth) surgery to repair this defect. The first major phase concluded that prenatal surgery had strong, long-term benefits and some ...
English: An ultrasound visualisation of the spine of a foetus at 21 weeks of pregnancy. The foetus is affected by open spina bifida (spina bifida cystica). In the centre of this longitudinal scan a lumbar myelomeningocele appears as dome shaped structure attached to the lumbar region of the foetal spine.
It is a multifactorial aetiology and is most typically accompanied by other defects. Rachischisis is often described as a severe form of spina bifida, with the spine not only being exposed to the exterior environment, but with the opening being large enough to allow the neural plate to spread out of the opening and to the surface. [citation needed]
Spina bifida is a birth defect that affects the lowest part of the spine and occurs when a fetus's neural tube does not fully close, causing the backbone that protects the spinal cord not to form ...
After birth, exposure of the spinal cord to the outside environment (myelomeningocele or spina bifida) is associated with several morbidities including weakness or sensory deficits in the lower extremities, bladder dysfunction, fluid buildup in the brain and Type 2 Chiari malformations (herniation of the cerebellar vermis and medulla from the ...
Here's what bacterial meningitis is, how it's different from viral and other types of meningitis, and what treatment can be expected.